
         


Homebrew Broadcasting
Pirate Radio and TV Broadcasting 
Techniques

This compilation is freely distributable. Much of this information has 
been written by other folks. If you want credit, e-mail us! We don't want 
to rip anyone off....enjoy!
 RF Consulting
131 NW 4th St. #132
Corvallis, OR 97330
(503) 740-8132
rfc@wetlabs.com 


View the RFC online catalog of Pirate Radio products by going 
here.</a><p> 

Contents

I. Introduction					 

   What is this all about?

II. The Basics of Pirating and Electronics	
	 
   Radio Waves
   Equipment Basics

III. A look at pirating in the U.S.A		
	 
   Equipment required and tips
   Avoiding the authorities
   Programming

IV. Pirating in the U.K. - on the other 
side		 
   Equipment and such
   Broadcasting Locations
   Programming
   Avoiding Detection and the DTI

V. An Example of a 'Real' Pirate 

   How, Where, and Why

VI. Information on the Ramsey FM-10 
transmitter 
   Amplifier Plans
   Improving Frequency Stability
   Improving Stereo Sound
   Sources for Components

VII. How to Build a Television 
Transmitter 
   Complete Schematics and Plans

VIII. A 5 to 45 Watt Amplifier for FM 
Broadcasting 
   Complete Schematics and Plans

IX. Build a J-Pole Antenna for FM 
Broadcasting 
   Build this great antenna!

X. A Phase-Locked 15 Watt 
Transmitter 
   More Schematics and Plans

XI. BA1404 Stereo Transmitter and 
BA1404 Specs 
   The infamous BA1404 stereo transmitter IC

XII. Other Books Available From RF 
Consulting 
   Buy Them Now!

Disclaimer


can interfere with vital  communications, such as aircraft and police. 

basic knowledge of  electronics is assumed. When in doubt, ask an experienced person.
   The material in this book is presented for educational  purposes only. Read on and enjoy!


Introduction


gained renewed  popularity, as the opportunities in 'legal' broadcasting have declined.

Reasons for building a pirate station are always a little different, from politics,  to just having fun.


build it yourself.



station.


sources.


publisher.  



Pirate Radio: An Informed Overview

FOREWORD






alternatives  and additional  background  info, e.g. the use  of  equipment  will  be introduced.





way of  measuring amplitude.

INTRODUCTION








doing this  are  AMPLITUDE  MODULATION and FREQUENCY MODULATION  (AM  and FM).


every  instant by the amplitude of the audio  signal,  and  the carrier amplitude remains constant.


use  the formula:  Wavelength (in meters)=300 / Frequency (in  MHz).

FM











will make you even more   unpopular with the DTI.

wideband, you can hear  more than one channel at a time.

CHOOSING A FREQUENCY













to you  and/or the other station.
   Now let's take a little stroll through the whole system.

TAPE OR LIVE

   What  we  are  going to feed to our TX? The obvious   possibilities are:

A) A tape or cassette player.

recommended).




player, TX and aerial, i.e. no arrests (unless they catch you  changing the tape).

you're into that,  will   be difficult and live phone ins are right out.







DNL circuit in part of  the 'Audio Embellisher' project in the Jan.  84 issue of  'Elektor' magazine.

latest and greatest is to  use  'Stack  machines' which will change the  tapes for you.

power.

MONO OR STEREO






needed for  the same signal.

single composite stereo signal   which is then fed into your TX.






receivers.

and right signals are  easily got by   (L+R)+(L-R)=2L (L+R)-(L-R)=2R.





you'll be  able to buy a 4.8640 crystal off the shelf, so  you'll have  to have one made for order.



of the  L-R  signal could spread into each other and you will get  a right bloody mess.




the link.  If its  53  kHz   (=38+15) or more you can use it after  the  encoder.
   Otherwise you'll need two links and have to encode at the TX  end.

PRE-EMPHASIS





TX to receiver stays flat, but the  level of background noise is reduced a lot.


modification.



They're  actually often built into the studio encoder.

COMPRESSORS AND LIMITERS


them are completely  different.


range.


than in compressors e.g. 10:1.




rammed into it!





2:1 characteristic can be simply constructed  around a NE571 IC.







a limiter.


International Magazine.

THE OSCILLATOR




diode  varies with that  bias.



frequency.


types of oscillator:  

a) Variable Frequency Oscillator (VFO)           
b) Crystal Oscillator
c) Phase Locked Loop oscillator (PLL)

VFO's


Junction Transistor  (BJT)  or  a Field Effect Transistor (FET). 



don't  suffer  from this  problem so badly, so they can be used,  but you should  still bear it in mind.










your frequency drifts.

CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS








change it  you'll need a new one.

PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL) OSCILLATORS








input of the VFO through a low pass  filter. This is the loop bit.



frequency remains constant.

output  frequency is phase locked to the crystal oscillator, and the  frequency is very good.






of clicking some  little switches.




This is purpose of the low pass  filter.





including broadcast TX's.

BUFFERS






mW.

AMPLIFIERS



characteristics:

a) Bandwidth
b) Gain and maximum power output
c) Input and output impedance



but more specifically by its type,  LINEAR or a  TUNED amplifier.






uncommon.



as trimmers,  to the desired  frequency.






frequency you'll have to  retune  to maintain the gain of the  amp.

GAIN AND MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER



input bigger. Power gains are  often  expressed in DECIBELS (dB) which are defined: 

Power gain (dB) = 10 log(Output power / Input power).


result in more output   power  and may damage the amp.





Gain=10^(12/10) = 10^1.2 = 15.8               Input Power = Output power / Gain = 4 / 15.85 = 0.25.




what  happens at 100 MHz and have to experiment.

can be had  from  the   MRF237. That's how the makers (Motorola Corpse.) planned it.

INPUT AND OUTPUT IMPEDANCE

   Impedance  is the alternating current (AC) version of   resistance.






heat.

THE VSWR METER










case   switch off IMMEDIATELY or you'll blow your power transistor.

and a bad signal.


the fact that we'd be broadcasting.  What we  need  is  a DUMMY LOAD.

THE DUMMY LOAD


(unlike the aerial).  The  3 things about a dummy load we're interested are:

a) It  should be suitable for the frequency we're interested  in, about 100 MHz.
b) It should be rated to take the power we're trying to make.
c) It should have a resistance of 50 to match the output network of the amp.


gear  for this band will   work  on frequencies we're interested in.






on.






amp will  switch off, a characteristics of class C amps.  


experience, if needed, of electronic  construction.

HARMONICS









tuned
properly,  but  they're still there. Oscillators and  buffers   can also make harmonics if not set up right.

WAVEMETERS



DIP METERS.





frequency tripler or  something.

fundamental to above 300 MHz to  get  the third harmonic.




we need a  BANDPASS FILTER.


as you'd need  probably 100 watt input to drive it so  you'd  need  amps  in between.


to dummy load and VSWR meter.

BANDPASS FILTER





To keep this loss low bandpass  filters for high  output powers are usually pretty chunky  numbers.




MHz. Proper screening and a bandpass  filter will  eliminate such possibilities.

CONNECTORS


feeder. Use BNC or the UHF  series.

expensive.

FEEDERS






you  lose energy  in  the  TX, a good VSWR does not  mean the  cable's  okay.
   Decent  cables for short runs are UR76 and RG56U. For longer   runs or higher powers use UR67.

AERIALS






element  etc.)  should  be divided by your frequency in MHz and then  multiplied by 145.

POLARIZATION










horizontal to vertical and vice versa, so your signal could   still be picked up by the wrong aerial.


coverage area you can beam the  signal in with a DIRECTIONAL aerial.

bits of thin aluminum or copper  tube.



(BALance  to  UNbalance) transformer. These can be easily made  out of bits of coax  cable.

different from  50 needs an IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMER also made out of bits of coax cable.





open circuit.

SITING




see but its hard  to say how much.



the United States.
PREFACE



the label, "pirate radio station."





stamp of approval.






just a little bit more challenging to realize.

of broadcasts need  to be made in order to minimize the chances of being caught by  the authorities.






up should you need  to leave suddenly and quickly.



from your broadcast location should need for a hasty retreat  become necessary.










transmitter can be narrowed down sufficiently to allow a ground search for it.



alternatives do  exist.








operation or 30-minute broadcasts.




climb it at night


ascertain their viability.








leaving.

II.  AVOIDING THE AUTHORITIES
(Detection and Evasion)


detected or caught. Success in the first phase will  greatly influence the outcome of the second phase.










hear something important on  another channel.







your night vision.


toy stores which make a bang when a string  to which they are attached is pulled.



time to make  your escape but close enough that you will be able to easily hear  them.







jewelry or watches (leave them at home).






caught with your  pants down and just having a close call.






hidden until they are far enough away that you can more safely risk slipping away?






there  was trouble and follow those plans.
III.  DEALING WITH THE AUTHORITIES
(What to do when you get caught with your pants down)


broadcasting.  Two entirely different methods are  called for when dealing with each of these.





options with an experienced attorney.



any illegal  activities you have been involved with.







results for everyone involved.



promptly  as well.
Suggested Equipment
Power:



several  miles by a single person if necessary.




sufficient for amps up to 25-35  watts.



voltmeters are harder to read from a distance or at night and are  more expensive.
Transmitting Equipment:



battery as the  power source.
Antennas:







to be distorted.





information for how to do this.




obtained at your local amateur radio store.



or RG/8  if you need longer runs of cable.
Audio:




switch between any of several  sources or mix them together.



together.   Once again, Radio Shack is a good source for pre-made cables of  this type.
Miscellaneous:

sure you are getting  good modulation and you are tuned to the frequency you want to  be.


in a nearby tree or other tall  structure.


thus preserve your night vision.
   Don't forget to bring along a bottle of water and some snacks  to eat during your broadcast.
Security:



familiar  with the operating practices of them.



security.
Further Reading
o  Barnett, Richard; Monitor America, SMB publishing, 1992,
   ISBN #0-939430-19-3

States.
o  Hughes, Gene; Police Call, assorted volumes, Hollins Radio  Data, 1991

for various regions in  the United States.
o  ARRL; ARRL Handbook, ARRL, 1992


information on constructing transmitters, amplifiers and  antennas, among other things.
o  Swanson, Chamelin &amp  Territon, Criminal Investigation, Harcort  Brace,
   1992, ISBN # 0-07-062618-9


undesirable run-ins with the  authorities when involved in questionable activities.


Radio Pirate U.K.


radio pirate? Read on...
What you'll need:
A. A group of committed people who get on with each other and  have plenty of time and energy.


recordings onto good quality cassette tapes.

aerial with gain.   You can't  buy  one  over the counter in Britain, but  here   are  some alternatives:
 I) Buy one from another pirate (beware of rip-offs).


have to smuggle it home.


technical know how.

for a   reasonable price.


good building material.


etc. Also start reading Amateur Radio  Handbooks and all relevant writings.
VHF: Pros and Cons










different frequencies,   on  AM you're stuck on one, unless  you  get  a  new crystal.










doesn't work like that.



interference.
The Broadcasting Site (FM)
TOWER BLOCKS (SKY SCRAPERS)








will lead them straight to it anyway.

have to be standard  for   all blocks,  so once you have one you can get onto most roofs easily.

the mortise  lock,  get keys  made up for it, then replace it, such keys may not fit all roofs.




easily be trapped (see how to get away  with it).
MEDIUM SIZED BUILDINGS



must  be  a wooden or plastic section between the pole and  the actual aerial).




attacked.
BROADCASTING FROM HILLS







difficult to stop.









get ones with earphones if  possible  to avoid  noise.








the  broadcast site. They'll confiscate the lot,  under the new laws.
OTHER POSSIBLE BROADCASTING SITES




publicity, or do your own,  so people  will  bring radios. This is pirate radio at its best.


warnings  of  police movements, as well as for   entertainment  and music.


roof. This has been done successfully for instance in  Amsterdam and Berlin.



recent  years.




army etc. and the police are  already hogging most of the  airwaves.








be a brilliant  aid

getaway routes,  disguised voices etc.



across this  in Britain.

yourself' pirate.
How to set up your gear (FM)
BEFORE YOU GO




names the same  to  avoid being caught out.


deck lead is at home five miles away.
         HERE'S A SAMPLE LIST OF THINGS YOU NEED






munches, bus fare.
ON THE WAY




and  all is clear. Check also you're not followed.
SETTING UP










battery clips.






judge accepted his  word.)



away from  the power  leads.

frequency). You can go   so far as to block leads from each other with bricks.






lines.





careful not to do this.






reports further afield.
Broadcasting.... How to get away with it
KNOW YOUR ENEMY

minutes after you switch   on.






advantage.







may be) using  around  88 MHz, just off the  commercial FM band.






studios' and nicking everyone and everything).




your trail  (though you need to guard  anyway against the curious and  rip-offs by other pirates.)
PRECAUTIONS




become a power  elite ('I'm not transmitting  this crap!').



your   studio).


means of transport.
The raid..... Saving the gear
A.) HIDING IT ON THE SITE









straight  to your TX.
B.) LOOKOUTS


headphones, and use codewords, they're very  public.







stairs.
C.) CAT AND MOUSE














complete change  of tactics.
D.) DISAPPEARING



before they  start after you again. Also change your frequency and voices on  tape if possible.
E.) SWITCHING












broadcasting sites.
F.) GUERRILLA RADIO






DTI and police to stop.
BREAK-INS










broadcasting site again. It's as simple as that.


announcing, demonstrations etc.









dangerous!
GOING MOBILE


car battery to power the transmitter.    




an audience.  The main advantage is that you will be much more difficult to  stop.


random just for the hell with it.
   Doing  break-ins in this way would be great fun in the  rush   hour traffic.
LINKS, TIMERS, SQUARE WAVES










'stolen' legally).



transmitter, its main  advantage is that it allows you to go  live from the  studio.






you want to broadcast  for less than an hour.
CONFRONTATION














phone numbers of chief officers and  harassing  them etc.

therefore be anonymous  and never spoken of or boasted about later (or before!).


DON'T rip out the aerial when the TX is still switched on!)
Building your pirate station


stations.





the competition at every  opportunity.


Majesty's' airwaves.

YOURSELF

mike and a cassette   deck  and play  around  with it. Record yourself, record any and  everything.



pirate.  Join the Free The Airwaves campaign and read their 'Radio Crimes'  bulletins.
THE GROUP



happens).


etc. who are sure to turn up sooner or later.

















tax on drink in squatted pubs  and cafes.
OPEN ACCESS




present hostile  climate.




contact Free The  Airwaves campaign etc.







etc.).






or  spokesperson for an Open Access grouping.  The straight media  also love this to happen.
LOCAL / "COMMUNITY" PIRATE RADIO






you really  working on your own career? Or trying  to create 'community' in  your own head?....













though  very  few allow any access or see  themselves as a local voice and resource.
How to make a studio





(borrow from a record library).

better sound gear   as  you  go along.






















and pay   special attention  to  sound recording levels and background  noise. 





near the gear. Read a book on  basic sound studios.


it!
The program


you'll never do anything different.




program often, but  not too often, along  with your frequency and broadcast time.     








interesting / enjoyable / entertaining both for you   and the audience, otherwise why to bother?...

your own ego, or with  'in' jokes or political hobby horse, watch out for this.    



night making a good one hour current affairs program, for instance.





listening.


per day!
Publicity






etc.









start  them  talking...







stunts, whatever  you   can  manage.

for you anyway,  so  you might as well get value for effort!


of  event, the more different voices   and  views  the better.
Building up your pirate station






dramatic publicity stunts.














power, and try to force us off. This would be a major problem.



pirates, though there are literally millions of sympathetic  people about.
Medium wave
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS










FM.




need to use car batteries.

AM, FM is still  banned  in prison, for some typically petty reason.

well worth  considering.
How to broadcast on AM (540 - 1600 kHz)
YOUR TRANSMITTER









buy a kit  or adapt an amateur  radio transmitter.
ADAPTING A AM TRANSMITTER








the 2nd pre-amp  and the driver.



possible check the valves before buying, they're rather costly.
SETTING UP YOUR AERIAL (AM)









just fine. Otherwise try our method. Practice and  patience is necessary.


containers work fine).















besides.
SETTING UP THE GEAR







for remoteness with  the problems of moving the gear.



butterfly  nuts  or strong clean battery clips.



have  a pathetic life-span.
SWITCHING ON
   Connect  up  your batteries, load up your cassette player   with  a 'trial tape' and you're ready to go.
1) Turn tuning adjuster to the right till the meter  gives   the lowest reading.
2) Turn 'load' adjuster till meter rises about 50 milliamps.
3) Tune again till it drops about 25 mA.
4) Load up again as above.

rig.  Your  last   tuning adjustment should produce virtually no dip on the meter  needle.

least 50 yards  away  for testing.


further away etc. 

chances are your   crystal is burnt out, or something is blown. Then go home.

with the TX still   turned on.
PACKING UP







don't  relax till safely home.
WHEN ON AIR, PRECAUTIONS (AM)
   Read  the  FM  chapter 'How to get away with it'. A lot  of   those precautions also apply.








the  place).

without that they   have  a lousy case against you.
Busts.... If all goes wrong






gear in their hands, but under the  new laws this is unlikely.










are  pretty  certain  to  photograph  and fingerprint you.  You can't refuse under the Police Bill.

end  of the  world.  Smile at the bastards. Have a good time in the cell -you've done  your best.
Fighting your case

all possible, and   a  good solicitor  who knows the, by now, pretty complex legal   situation.







make  copies and give them to your solicitor.







watching in court don't start  laughing!


inexperienced in this kind  of  case.     







monitoring  etc.,  as  second offenders normally  get  the  maximum fine.

possibility, in theory of  claiming the gear back, though this is much less likely under the  new laws.

apply for it,  saying  they'd bought it before the bust.
Some adverts: 
Radio Support Group
To  join  Radio Support Group and get updates and development   aid write to:

Radio Support Group
c/o Drowned Rat
Box 010
27 Stokes Croft
Bristol
Avon BS1 3PY

Free The Airwaves
BCM Box 1502
London WC1N 3XX



above.


Story


commercial alternative  stations that play Nirvana ad nauseam, don't fret.





You owe it to yourself.  After all, you broke  the rules -- or, more exactly, the law.



movie.


"measly" output power of 35 watts.


KZAR comes in best in the Olympus Cove  and East Benches area.


and string an antenna out the window.   Otherwise, KZAR is radio for the road.












endanger lives.
   "What if a commercial airline can't reach the control tower
because of a pirate frequency?  It has to turn around and try  again.


a wild voice.


determine," says FCC engineer Bill Zears.
   Nationwide, the motives are as varied as the U.S. population.


anti-gay propaganda, and, of course,  Neo-nazis get in on the act.

first popular music station, BBC's Radio 1.
   Baughman's motives are personal and political, not overtly


in-person interview and photos.



in line for purchase.





beats.


installed in TV sets to obtain  classified information about American homes."


FCC bureaucrats to tune in to the  positive effects of small stations serving the community.

Saturday night and claim  a small piece of turf among Salt Lake City's 40-odd radio  stations.
   Other stations have yet to complain to the FCC about any  signal interference.
   "I really don't give it [pirate radio] much legal thought,"
Baughman says.  "When something does happen and I do get caught,  I'll worry about it then."


Ramsey FM-10 micro-transmitter.



exceed FCC power  limits when used with a proper antenna.
 Recommended Test Equipment


when making an antenna.



accurate power  meter that is designed for this band, but the cost is 10-15 times  more.


anyone.  Also note that you can run as much  power you want, legally, as long is it doesn't radiate.


about electronics you need one of these! 
Dummy load

you want into one of these  things legally!



cool you may  be able to go up to .75 watt.) Most CB loads use a 2 watt carbon  50 ohm resistor.

50 ohms.  i.e., 2 100 ohm  1/4 watt resistors will create a 1/2 watt 50 ohm load...
   Do not use 50 ohm wire wound resistors, they are not 50 ohms  at radio frequencies.   
Ramsey's Address
   If your looking to purchase a FM-10 kit and can't find one  locally try :
  
  Ramsey Electronics, Inc.
  793 Canning Parkway
  Victor, New York 14564
  Phone (716) 924-4560
  FAX   (716) 924-4555
  
Ramsey FM-10 70 mw output amplifier

mw to 70 mw  Not the best  design, but all parts can be found at Radio Shack! 
  
                            +12 v
                            |
                            /
                            \ R1 *220 ohms(1/2 watt)
                            /
                            \
                   R2 9k    |       C2
                 -/\/\/\/-----------||-----&gt  output
                |                             /
                |                    /
                |   |          /
            C1  |   |/         &lt ----------MPS2222A (276-2009    
      in  --||------|\              -or-  2N4401
            ^       |  -&gt  --
            |              |
            |              GND
    currently on board
    * you can also use 2 440 ohm 1/4 watt resistors run in parallel



but yields poorer performance (-5%).

2N2222A you will get only  half the gain.  Be very careful to get the leads in the correct  orientation!

The 2N4401 can be found at  Radio Shack, too.
   C2 is of the same value of C1, this is the one that goes to  the on board antenna pad.




we want will drop
considerably.)
   After this modification the, effective range with a good  antenna should be a little over double.
  Ramsey PA-1 2-meter to 3-meter conversion mod

and L2 need to be changed to  the following: 

manual.
 L2 -    Should be replaced with a 2 turn 1/4" diameter coil,  one more turn than the above coil.





and  get close to a watt of output power.


the 70 mw amp, but you will show slightly less  gain than in class-c.
ANTENNAS  


welding shop).  Works great and only cost $3 dollars to  make.

this should be your 1st  project to increase your range.
  Use the formulas out of your FM-10 manual  234/freq=length of  rod.
  Example : 234/88Mhz = 2.66 feet * 12 in/feet = 31.9" -or-
            234/108Mhz= 2.17 feet * 12 in/feet = 26"




another high place and  you should have 1 miles of solid coverage (when using the above  amp.).

until you get the best  SWR reading.

connector with a pair of  vice-grips and bend the brazing rod at that point.

pattern should look  a lot like a deformed doughnut surrounding the radiator
On The Road

and cut the radiator to 1/4  wave length.

rod.



antenna, this would give  you 2+db gain, or almost 2 times power gain on transmit.
Filter design for FM Radio Transmitters.


cut down these spurs. Don't draw  attention to yourself, be clean, and use a filter.




clean signal, you will hardly be noticed.
Filter Designs
  Filter Design: 7 element Chebyshev
  Designed for 88.1 Mhz. First harmonic is 176.2 Mhz
  
  Fc               3db     20db    40db
  85.8MHz         95.9MHz 116MHz  148MHz
  
                .132uh    .150uh     .132uh
          -----()()()-----()()()-----()()()-----
            |          |          |          |
  &lt -50ohm   - 33pF     - 68pF     - 68pF     - 33pF  50ohm-&gt 
            -          -          -          -
            |          |          |          |
          --------------------------------------
                           |
                          ---
                           -
  

frequencies like 100MHz.
  Filter Design: 5 element Chebyshev
  
  Fc               3db     20db    40db
  81.8MHz         105MHz  147MHz  222MHz
  
               .128uh     .128uh
          -----()()()-----()()()-----
            |          |          |
  &lt -50ohm   - 30pF     - 62pF     - 30pF  50ohm-&gt 
            -          -          -
            |          |          |
          ---------------------------
                       |
                      ---
                       -
  



spectrum analyzer available for tuning the filters.
    
Very simple filter.
  
                        .15uH
  from TX       &gt ------()()()------&gt     to antenna
                    |          |
                    - c1       - c2
                    -          -
                    |          |
                   ---        ---
                    -          -
  
        88MHz   102MHz     107MHz
  c1     62pF     54pF      50pF
  c2     62pF     54pF      50pF
  



down  about 15db.


fixed value parts!



powerful as the FM-10.  db  is log10, i.e. 3db is 2 times 6db is 4 times...]
  
FM-10 Myths
   There have been several myths about the FM-10 kit, the most  prevalent are :




amplifier stage.  Most others  have power outputs in the fraction of a mw area.



value of  R9 will most likely degrade the FM-10's performance and cause  lots of interference.
FM-10 Improvements 
Stereo Pilot Mod










(just use bits of wire) to mount it on the component side of the board.

point.


for an upgrade kit, which  includes a crystal.  

Crystal Mod
          old set up       new setup
            c8               c1 xtl  where c1=10pF and xtl=38KHz
          |-||-|           |-||-|\|-|
          | c7 |           |        |      v8=var cap
          |-||-|           |        |      c7=cap
          |    |           |        |
  

are running series and the  old cap setup is running in parallel.

crystal is quite delicate,  and in at least one case the experimenter destroyed the crystal.

rock solid stereo.
  
Treble Boost Mod-




result in improved audio response.


.001 cap between pin 1 (of the BA1404) and ground,  and pin 18 and ground.


which Japan and other Asian nations use  too.  Try it out, let me know what works for you.
  
Anti-Drift Mod



even better.



N150 to  N750) cap of the same value.
  
Sources

equipment  used in FM radio transmitting:
  
BA1404s and other FM Broadcaster kits can be found at :
  
D.C. Electronics
Phone: 1-800-467-7736  &amp  1-800-423-0070
Fax:1-602-994-1707
  


and work without problems.

38KHz Crystals can be obtained by calling :
  
Digi-Key at 1-800-DIGI-KEY.
  
38.000 KHz by Epson America, Digi-Key part No. is SE3314
(see notes on crystal mod on using this crystal) Note that

D.C. Electronics.)


tons of kits.
  
Panaxis Productions
PO Box 130                      
Paradise, CA  95967-0130.             
(916)534-0417
  
Catalogs are $2, well worth it, a must have item.
  
A little taste of there catalog :
  
MMC1 Macromod Compander for 2:1 compression
Plans $12, PCB $18, P+P 26.50, Full kit $87
  
SG High performance stereo generator
Plans $15, PCB $13.5, P+P 26.50, Full kit $105
  
FME PLL FM exciter
Plans $17.5, PCB $15, P+P 24.50, Full kit $129
  
More expensive than a FM-10 but much higher performance.


show that 12mw in will yield 2.5  watts, but can be driven harder for up to 12 watts. 
  
Plans only in U.S., $16 (a bit spendy, ouch!)
Progressive Concepts
1313 N. Grand Ave.  #291
Walnut, CA. 91789


   If your looking to purchase a FM-10 kit (or a PA-1 kit) and  can't find one locally try :
  
Ramsey Electronics, Inc.
793 Canning Parkway
Victor, New York 14564
Phone (716) 924-4560
FAX   (716) 924-4555
  
Should be $29

The makers of the infamous BA1404 :
  
Rohm Corporation
Rohm Electronics Division
3034 Owen DR
Jackson Business Park
Antioch, TN 37013
  
PH:  (615)-641-2020 (ask for someone who deals with the BA1404)
FAX: (615)-641-2022
  
Also they have:
  
PO Box 1399
Antioch, TN 37011-1399

Miscellaneous:
  



use the same case, but check  the pin-outs.  MPS918s work well also.

$14.
   Newark also has the 38 KHz crystals for $2.90 



Transmitter


operate from your  Telecommando Lair, or modify or Mobile Media Guerrilla campaigns.

television channels waiting to  be commandeered.
   To put together a TV station you will need this stuff:

1) A VCR or Camcorder with video or RF outputs

2) A Ham Radio 6-meter Band Linear amplifier

MHz for best  results. A cable television RF distribution amplifier may also be  used.

3) Coaxial cable with UHF connectors
(Connects the Linear Amp to the Antenna)



used for Ham Radio)

If your VCR does not have RF outputs:


standard stereo cord is ok)

5) A 6-meter Ham radio antenna.
If you do not have a pre-made 6-meter antenna:
     About 20 feet of strong wire
     3 ceramic antenna insulators
     another UHF connector



gear.
   RF modulators are available at specialty video stores, or  major VCR dealers.

Setting Up the Transmitter: 
Using a VCR with RF out:

[VCR/RF]F--------------U[Linear Amp]U------------U[Antenna]
         weak RF                            Power RF

Using an External RF Modulator:

[VCR]R----R[RF Modulator]----U[Linear Amp]U--------U[Antenna]
       video                 weak RF                 Power RF

Diagram Symbols:

U    UHF-connectors (Ham radio)
F    F-connectors   (cable TV)
R    RCA connectors (stereos)
---  coax, cables, wires
[]   devices (name of device in brackets)
&lt I&gt   ceramic insulator (the kind with a hole at each end)

Building The Dipole Antenna:

          wire                        wire
&lt I&gt ---------------------+&lt I&gt +----------------------&lt I&gt 
                        |   |
           Short coax   |   |
                         [U]    UHF connector



for good results. The inner insulator  isolates a gap between the two long wires of the antenna.

want to use in the  table below &amp  make each of the two long wires that length.

MHz.

****************************************
     VHF Television Channel Data
----------------------------------------
  TV     MHz      ---carrier---  antenna
channel range     video   sound  lengths
------- -----     -----   -----  -------
 2      54-60     55.25   59.75  8.47ft
 3      60-66     61.25   65.75  7.64ft
 4      66-72     67.25   71.75  6.95ft
 5      76-82     77.25   81.75  6.05ft
 6      82-88     83.25   87.75  5.62ft
 7     174-180   175.25  179.75  2.67ft
 8     180-186   181.25  185.75  2.58ft
 9     186-192   187.25  191.75  2.49ft
 10    192-198   193.25  197.75  2.42ft
 11    198-204   199.25  193.75  2.34ft
 12    204-210   205.25  209.75  2.28ft
 13    210-216   211.25  215.75  2.21ft
        (All frequencies in MHz)
  (Lengths are for half-wave antennas)
****************************************



can be used for setting up an underground AM or FM radio  station.

Uses for a TV Clandestine Station:


this tape in your  broadcasts, "For informational purposes only", of course.


Commercials are an opportune time to break into TV  broadcasts.


boxes.

cable TV system, overriding  cablecasts or commandeering unused channels.


and portable camcorders are also available.


this 5 to 45 watt FM amplifier.

                     25-200MHz / 8-45W AMP

                   --------------------O input
                   |     D1            |
                   *-------|&gt |----     --)|--
                   |    R2  --   |       C1 | R1
                   *---/\/\/-----*----------|-/\/\/---
                   |     ^                  |        |
                   |  C2 |     R3           |        |
                   *--)|-*----/\/\/----*-----        |
                   |                   |             |
                   |                   /             |
                   |                   \             |
                   |                   / R4          |
                   |                   \             |
                   |                   |  g          |
                   |               Q1  -----         |
                   |                   -----         |
                   |                  s| ^ |d   L1   |
                   *-------------------|_| |-*-(()((-*
                   |    &lt  C3            L2   |       |
                   *-----)|---*-------(()((--|   C5  |
                   |          |                --)|--*
                   |          |   &gt  output     | C6  |
                   |          --|(----O     -----)|--*
                   |            C4    |-----|        |
                   --------------------    ---       |
                                            -       +12-24V

 Symbols Key
=============
  &gt                                           g
-|(-    =  trimmer capacitor            -----
                                        ----- = RF pwr trans.
-|(-    =  capacitor                    | ^ | g)ate s)rce d)rain
                                       s|_| |d
-/\/\/- =  resistor
                                           *  = connection point
-(()((- =  coil
    __                              --|-- = jump (not connected)
-|&gt |--- = Zener diode                     ___
  --                                       _    = ground

Component Listing
=================
R1    - 2.5K ohm                    L1 - 5 turns, #18 varnished,
R2    - 20K ohm trimmer potentiometer     5/16" inside diameter
R3    - 68 ohm
R4    - 10 ohm                      L2 - 3 turns, #18 varnished,
C1    - 220pF Tantalum, 35 volt           5/16" inside diameter
C4    - 16-100pF trimmer capacitor
C2,C6 - 4.7uF Tantalum, 35 volt      D1 - 1N5230 (4.7V Zener  diode)
C3    - 8-50pF trimmer capacitor
C5    - .1uF ceramic disc capacitor, 50 volt   Q1 - (see chart)

Transistor Data  (input --&gt  output at 100MHz, 24 and 12 volts)
===============
PART #    IN      OUT     IN      OUT
------   ----     ---    ----     ----
MRF134 - 0.4W --&gt  8W  || 0.6W --&gt  3.5W
MRF136 - 0.4W --&gt  19W || 0.6W --&gt  8.5W
MRF137 - 1.0W --&gt  45W || 1.0W --&gt  17W
MRF138 - 1.5W --&gt  45W || 1.5W --&gt  15W
             [24V]           [12V]




source  tabs first, then the gate (opposite diagonal tab) and
drain (diagonal) tabs.  (See diagram:)
                              S /\      __  D
                                \  \___/  /
                             /====\/MRF\/====\
                           | O   | 137 |   O |  &lt --- mtng flange
                             \====/\___/\====/
                                /  /   \  \
                              G \/       \/ S


cabinet.







happen.



wires, or too high a bias.



you'll need (at least mine does!).  If not,  try "Mouser Electronics" at 800-346-6873 and get their free
catalog, too.


high performance J-Pole antenna.


       3 Meter Slim-Jim Antenna (JIM = J Integrated Match)

                          |    | &lt -- spacing: 3" at 72MHz
      _________            ____                 _________
      ^    90 degree --&gt   /    \                        ^
      | copper elbows     |    |                        |
      |                   |    | &lt -- 1/2" pipe elements |
      |                   |    |                        |
      |                   |    |                        |
      |                ^  |    | ^                      |
      |                |  |    | | arrows indicate      | 1/2
      |                |  |    | | current direction    | wave
      |                |  |    | |                      |
      |                   |    |                        |
      |                   |    |                        |
      | 7.8' (89.5MHz)    |    |                        |
      |                   |    v --&gt  sleeve for tuning  |
      |                   |     ---&gt  3" air gap  _______V
      |                   |    |                        ^
      |                   |    |                        |
      |                 | |    | ^                      |
      |                 | |    | |                      |
      |                 | |    | |                      | 1/4
      |                 v |    | |                      | wave
      |                   |    |                        |
      |                   *    X &lt - tap *=ctr conductor |
      |                   |    |           X = shielding|
      v_________          \____/                 _______v     


NOTE: Adjust 1/4 wave and 1/2 wave section lengths as follows:

1/2 wave section=5610/MHz Example: 89.5MHz = 5610/89.5 = 62.68"
1/4 wave section=2805/MHz          89.5MHz = 2805/89.5 = 31.34"
* 1/4 wave freespace=2953/MHz      89.5MHz = 2953/89.5 = 32.99"

    * distance that antenna should be from mounting boom, mast,  or tower.

DESCRIPTION:


it is unobtrusive, and has no  ground-plane radials - therefore low wind resistance.


problems of interaction between feeder and  antenna.  The feed impedance is 50 ohms.





long, the vertical angle radiation  is tilted upwards at an angle of 30 degrees or more.
   This gives the Slim Jim a gain over a 5/8th wave of 6dB when  measured parallel to the ground!

OPERATION:





and remains so across the band.

CONSTRUCTION:




recommended mount is the use of PVC pipe and PVC pipe "T's."     
   Make sure the space between the tower or mast and the antenna  is one "freespace" 1/4 wavelength.

TESTING:




necessary tuning.


Phase Locked FM Transmitter

frequency drift, like  the other transmitters presented in this book.

frequency. After  the oscillator is close, program the dip switches with the  desired frequency. 



1.


PLL Transmitter 1



































PLL Transmitter 2














































PLL Transmitter 3











































PLL Transmitter 4












































BA1404 stereo transmitter IC



transmitters.

See the FM-10 section.

constructing a transmitter that  is similar to the Ramsey FM-10.

































BA1404 Specs 1











































BA1404 Specs 2











































BA1404 Specs 3











































BA1404 Specs 4











































BA1404 Specs 5











































BA1404 Specs 6












































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